# Shooting Board Hewn Tool Library · https://hewn.build/tools/shooting-board Corrected: An independent reviewer read this entry and found corrections. They have been applied to the text, and the reviewer re-checked the correction that mattered most for safety and found it done; the others have not been re-checked yet. The list at the end is the record of what changed. Cite as: "Shooting Board." Hewn Tool Library, hewn.build/tools/shooting-board. Reviewed 2026-07-31. --- ## identity - **name:** **Shooting board** (also "shootboard") — a jig combined with a hand plane to trim and square the edges and ends of boards, typically used on a workbench. The plane rides on its side against a raised track/fence instead of being pushed flat over the wood [SB1][SB2]. - **alternate names / period name:** "Shooting block" (Nicholson, 1812, as reported in Heiden's 2014 survey; passage not yet checked in the original) [SB5]; "chute board" / "chute plane" for the Stanley No. 51/52 commercial pairing specifically [SB11]. - **family / category:** Workholding → bench appliances → the plane-registration branch. Distinct from the [[Bench Hook]] (which registers a *saw*, not a plane) and from the [[Planing Stop]] (which resists a plane's forward thrust against a board being planed flat, not on its side) [SB1][SB2]. A bench hook's fence can double as a mini shooting board in a pinch, but the two are built for different tools and the corpus's own [[Bench Hook]] entry states directly that the reverse assumption — a dedicated shooting board substituting for a bench hook's sawing job — does not hold [BH-cross]. - **one-line:** A bench appliance for **final fitting**: after a saw gets an end or miter close, a hand plane run on its side along the board's track takes very fine, repeatable shavings to bring the part to a fitted final length or angle. Christopher Schwarz describes it as "the only tool, machine or jig that I have that reduces the length of a board in .001″ increments" — his practitioner description, not a category-wide tolerance guarantee [SB11]. - **⚠ a genuinely overloaded name, worth flagging.** Rockler's own reader Q&A on "What is a Shooting Board?" (2021) drew three different answers from three named staff: a general planing-jig definition (Rob Johnstone), a veneer-trimming jig used with a straightedge and a knife rather than a plane (Tim Inman — "I don't have a plane involved in shooting a straight edge... requiring very little other skill on my part"), and a router-based "straightedge jig" cousin (Chris Marshall) [SB24]. This entry documents the plane-and-track appliance specifically — the sense the corpus's own [[Frame Saw]], [[Low-Angle Jack Plane]], and [[Bench Hook]] entries all mean when they cite it — but the term genuinely stretches further in casual shop talk than that one sense, and a future reader should not assume every "shooting" reference means this exact jig. --- ## ✦ how NOT to use it - **not-for:** - Dimensioning rough lumber or removing significant bulk stock — the shooting board is a trimming/truing tool, not a stock-removal tool; Schwarz's own framing measures its capability in thousandths of an inch, not fractions [SB11]. - Long-grain edge jointing on anything beyond small stock — the standard board is built and understood as an end-grain-focused tool; long-grain shooting on wider stock is a separate, less common application handled by other means (a jointer plane, a jointer machine, or the tail vise). - Replacing the saw's own cutting function on a mitre or crosscut that's still far from the layout line — see *lineage-misuse* below. - **dangerous:** - *No shooting-board-specific injury account was located. That is a research result, not an empty hazard class* — the mechanism has a razor-sharp exposed iron and requires one hand close to the work. Controls, following Fine Woodworking's hand-plane safety guidance (secure the workpiece, keep the blade sharp, keep fingers clear of the blade) and the makers' setup instructions [SB34][SB36]: - **an unsecured board** — anchor the appliance to the bench by its cleat, a vise or clamps; confirm the fence, track and any angle attachment are locked before cutting [SB16]. - **work held loosely, or small parts held by the fingers** — hold or clamp the stock firmly against both platform and fence; for small, narrow or awkward pieces use a backing block, holder or clamp that keeps the fingers clear of the cutting edge and the plane's travel path [SB34][SB36]. - **fingers near the mouth or the end of the stroke** — keep the holding hand and fingers behind and clear of the cutting edge and plane path; never brush chips from the mouth with fingers. - **the plane leaving its track** — "jumping the track" is a **loss-of-control hazard**, not only a damage issue: a heavy plane leaving its guide can strike the hand, the bench or the floor. Keep the plane upright and fully registered, avoid a stroke long enough to tip it off the runway, and use a wide enough bed and run-up for the stock and plane [SB7][SB37]. - **forcing a dull iron or a heavy cut** — use a sharp iron and a modest cut; wax or a low-friction treatment suitable for the surfaces reduces the force needed. Excess force increases slip and loss of control [SB26][SB34]. - **an exposed iron during setup, transport and storage** — retract or cover the blade when adjusting, moving or storing the plane. - **brittle stock** — wear eye protection when brittle stock or flying chips warrant it. - **damaging:** - **The plane jumping or leaving the track — a period-documented problem.** Circa-1900 Millers Falls/Langdon advertising says earlier miter planers were "open to serious complaint, on account of the tendency of the plane to 'jump' or leave the track, especially in planing hard moldings" [SB7]. On a shop-made board, a runway not fitted to the plane's side lets the plane rack or lift mid-stroke, spoiling the cut and risking the iron's edge — and it is also a loss-of-control hazard (see *dangerous*). - **A material-choice risk, flagged at title-level confidence.** A Woodwork Forums thread titled "MDF shooting boards ruins your planes" is directly on-point but its full content could not be retrieved this session — treated as a title-level citation only [SB14]. Independently, MDF and plywood glue lines are commonly described as abrasive to a plane iron's edge, a claim carried at aggregate/secondhand confidence rather than a single named author's account [see *open gaps*]. - **beginner-trap:** - **Unsupported far-edge blowout on end grain — a directly quoted period fix, corroborated by real forum threads on the exact problem.** Charles H. Hayward: *"To prevent the far corner from splitting, the corner can be chiselled off. Should, however, the wood not be wide enough to permit this, a waste piece with its corner chiselled can be held against the stop... Thus the far corner of the wood is supported and is so prevented from splitting"* [SB2]. Corroborated by named Sawmill Creek threads on end-grain tearout specifically attributing the problem to unsupported wood fibers at the exit side of the cut [SB15]. - **Grinding a pronounced camber onto a shooting iron** — a smoothing-plane habit carried over: a pronounced camber is unsuitable for a square full-width result. The fix is not a universal "no camber" rule but checking that the active cutting edge produces the intended angle, with a straight edge or minimal corner relief for straightforward setup (see *correct use*) [SB26]. - **Trusting the board without test cuts** — a fence that has moved, worn or collected debris, or an eroded backer, gives an out-of-square result; check with a test cut each session [SB37]. - **A plane body not square to its own side, uncompensated** — Kenney's own article notes this matters in practice even though the lateral adjuster can compensate for it; a beginner who doesn't check squareness first can waste real time chasing an out-of-square result caused by the tool, not the technique [SB10]. - **lineage-misuse:** - **Treating the shooting board as a substitute for the saw cut itself, rather than its refinement.** Don McConnell's own framing states this directly: a miter shooting board exists because "it's difficult to get an accurate cut that's thinner than the width of the saw's kerf" with a hand miter box — the shooting board is the correction tool that comes *after* the saw cut, not a replacement for the saw or the mitre box's own cutting function [SB12]. - **Confusing the shooting board with the [[Bench Hook]]'s sawing role.** The corpus's own [[Bench Hook]] entry states the boundary directly from its own side: a bench hook's fence can double as a mini shooting board once trued flush, but the reverse assumption — that a dedicated shooting board is interchangeable with a plain bench hook for sawing — does not hold [BH-cross]. - **Treating every "shooting" jig as the same tool.** Rockler's own reader Q&A shows the term genuinely stretching to cover a veneer-trimming jig and a router-based straightedge jig in casual shop talk (see *identity*) — a reader assuming those tools share this entry's plane-and-track mechanics would be wrong [SB24]. --- ## correct use - **what it's genuinely good at:** final trimming of ends, miters and small edges that can be safely registered and reached by the iron — taking very fine, repeatable shavings to bring a sawn part to a fitted final length or angle, and improving the end surface [SB11]. It can remove saw marks and damaged fibers **only if enough material remains**; the main technique for tearout is to **prevent** exit-side blowout with support, not to plane it away afterward [SB2][SB15]. - **the core mechanic.** The plane is laid on its side rather than its sole so it registers in the track and travels a fixed path relative to the fence; the workpiece rests against the fence with its end or edge proud of the track edge; each pass shaves a whisper off until the plane stops cutting — meaning the cut has reached flush and square [SB1][SB11]. - **two named technique traditions.** David Charlesworth's method: take a pass, push the work up against the sole of the (stationary) plane, take another pass, repeat until the full width is reached — per his instructional video *Precision Shooting Simplified* [SB11][SB19]. Christopher Schwarz's method for correcting an out-of-square miter-saw cut: relieve the corner that will register against the fence, position the work so the low corner sits flush and the high corner projects over the track, push hard against the fence, and plane with controlled, forward-focused pressure [SB11]. - **plane choice is a real, live disagreement** — see *human side* for the Kenney (bevel-up) vs. attributed-Charlesworth (bevel-down) divergence, and the LumberJocks consensus favoring the #5–#6 weight range or a dedicated low-angle jack. - **iron geometry — conditional, test the result.** Use a straight edge, or only minimal corner relief, for straightforward setup; a pronounced scrub/smoothing camber is unsuitable for a square full-width cut. Slight camber or corner relief can still be usable depending on which part of the edge reaches the work and how the lateral adjustment is set — the controlling condition is that the **active cutting edge produce the intended angle**. Test the cut and adjust the iron or fence before regrinding a serviceable iron. (LumberJocks posters advise no camber at all — a forum view, not a universal [SB26].) Keep the iron sharp and the cut fine [SB34][SB36]. - **setup and maintenance.** Secure the board to the bench; check the fence for square (or set angle) with a test cut before work, and lock the fence, track and any angle attachment. Fences move, wear and collect debris; sacrificial backers erode; wood-based boards can change or distort. Recheck with test cuts and **recalibrate or shim** as the fence and runway wear [SB16][SB37]. Give the stock and plane a wide enough bed and run-up [SB37]. --- ## ✦ matching — for the app's read - **does:** takes very fine, repeatable shavings from an end, miter or small edge to bring a sawn part to a fitted final length or angle (square, or a set angle such as 45°) [SB11]; leaves a clean end surface when exit-side tearout is prevented with support; trues a miter for a picture frame or a case-side joint (with a donkey's ear); fine-tunes machine-cut parts to their final fit when enough material remains. **Tenon shoulders are a specialized application** requiring a suitable jig and evidence for the specific setup — an ordinary board trims ends and miters, not every shoulder surface. - **suits:** small parts, box and drawer components, picture frames and mitred trim, case-side mitres (with a donkey's ear), model-making and miniature work (with the Veritas Miniature system) — work that fits the board's capacity and can be held firmly against the fence. This corpus's [[Frame Saw]] and [[Low-Angle Jack Plane]] entries cite it in this role [FS-cross][LAJ-cross]. **Not suited:** parts too large for the board's capacity, shoulders the iron cannot reach, or stock with more material to remove than fine trimming allows. - **kit-fit:** - **pairs with:** a low-angle jack plane (Kenney's own recommendation, and the plane this corpus's own [[Low-Angle Jack Plane]] entry names as living "at the bench and the shooting board, not the apron pocket") [LAJ-cross][SB10], or a dedicated shooting plane (Stanley No. 51, Lie-Nielsen No. 51, Veritas shooting plane); alternatively a bevel-down #5-1/2 or #6 per the attributed Charlesworth/LumberJocks consensus. Frequently built as a companion to, or combined with, a [[Bench Hook]] — the two appliances share the same underside-cleat anchoring principle [BH-cross]. - **alternative workflows (not drop-in substitutes):** a disc or belt sander, a table-saw miter or crosscut sled, or a miter trimmer/guillotine for picture-frame corners solve overlapping problems but differ in capacity, geometry, dust, risk and finish; choose by the part and the setup, not as one-for-one replacements. - **cannot replace:** rough dimensioning or bulk stock removal — Schwarz's own framing is explicit ("reduces the length of a board in .001″ increments," not fractions of an inch); long-grain edge jointing on anything beyond small stock; and, per Don McConnell's own framing, **the saw cut itself** — the shooting board refines a cut a saw already got close, it does not replace the saw's cutting function [SB11][SB12]. - **not-for (project-keyed):** dimensioning rough lumber to size; removing more than a small fraction of an inch in one session (too slow, and hard on both plane and board); long-grain edge jointing on anything but small stock; any cut that still needs its bulk material removed by a saw rather than refined afterward. - **access:** usable by a beginner with real setup demands. The plane's sole must be square to its side (or the error compensated with the lateral adjuster) or the cut lands out-of-square top-to-bottom [SB10]; the iron must be sharp and its active edge must produce the intended angle (see *correct use*); exit-side blowout must be controlled — Schwarz's relieved trailing corner and Hayward's supporting waste piece are the standard fixes [SB2][SB11]; and the plane should be comfortable to grip on its side — Kenney's hand bruising from a No. 4 smoother used sideways is a first-person cautionary account [SB10]. Basic hand-plane safety applies (see *dangerous*). - **revival:** a simple, inexpensive jig to build — a shop-made board from plywood is common — but its results depend on squareness, flatness, support and setup, and it must be checked with test cuts and recalibrated or shimmed as the fence and runway wear [SB16][SB37]. Current examples of continued and renewed use: Veritas, Lie-Nielsen (plane only, with board plans), Rob Cosman and WoodRiver boards, the Stanley 51/52 as a collectible, and ongoing forum debate (see *human side*). *(Earlier claims of "no calibration drift," "furniture-grade results immediately," and "a lineage that never actually broke" are withdrawn.)* --- ## anatomy Terminology follows Fine Woodworking's common parts (base/runway, ledge/platform, stop/fence) and Lee Valley's usage ("fence" for the adjustable angle stop, "track" for the plane path) [SB4][SB16]. - **the base** — the foundational board the jig is built on; commercial and shop-made versions often use ¾" Baltic birch plywood or MDF [SB16][SB21]. - **the raised platform / ledge** — the surface the **workpiece** rests on, set higher than the runway. **The height step allows for the blade's offset from the plane's running side**, so the iron's full width reaches the work [SB1][SB4][SB35]. The plane eventually stops cutting when it reaches the uncut lip of the platform — the mechanism Fine Woodworking explains for why a plane doesn't keep cutting into the board [SB35]. - **the runway / track** — the lower surface or channel the plane's side registers against and travels along; on the Veritas system, a 24" aluminum track with a 3/8"-deep channel, low-friction UHMW liner strips, and set screws to prevent the outer rail from shifting [SB16]. A runway or platform edge out of true is a common source of an out-of-square result on a shop-made board. - **the fence / stop** — the surface the workpiece is pushed against, set **perpendicular (or at the chosen angle) to the plane path**; on the Veritas board it is adjustable through an angle range with detents [SB16]. Lost Art Press stresses a square fence and a non-slip fence face [SB37]. - **the bench cleat** — a cleat on the underside registers against the edge of the workbench, anchoring the jig the way a bench hook's hook does; it can also be held in a vise or clamped [SB16]. - **the sacrificial fence extension / backer** — a replaceable strip or extension where the iron exits the cut, supporting the fibers at the exit and wearing in place of the fence; the Rob Cosman board builds in "A small rabbet... cut in the Baltic birch to prevent the blade from cutting the shooting board" [SB16][SB21]. It erodes with use and must be renewed. - **the donkey's ear** — on mitre-capable boards, an angled extension or insert (not a separate board) that holds work at 45° to the plane's path of travel, distinct from a simple 45°-fence attachment; its precision is described as unusually tricky because the base angle must be square in two directions at once [SB29]. --- ## variations (living) - **standard/square shooting board (90° only)** — the base type, most common in shop-made boards [SB1]. - **donkey's-ear / mitre shooting board** — a specialized board built to plane wide case-side mitres too wide to fit a standard mitre fence, because the workpiece is wider than the plane's blade: *"The donkey's ear allows you to plane across the slope of the miter, not up it or down it"* [SB29]. - **Stanley No. 51 plane + No. 52 chute board** — the historic commercial pairing (1905/1909–1943, see *history*); the plane is L-shaped, its lower section riding inside a track machined into the No. 52 board, blade skewed 20° and bedded at 45° bevel-down [SB6][SB30]. - **Veritas/Lee Valley Shooting Board System** — **$289.00 USD as observed 2026-07-31**, fence adjustable to 60° from square with detents at 0°, 18°, 22.5°, 25.7°, 30°, 36°, 45°, and 60° (producing 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, 8-, or 10-sided frames), 24" aluminum track, sacrificial extension, handed versions, with fence and track sold as separate replacement parts [SB16]. - **Veritas Shooting Plane** — the system's companion plane: ductile cast iron, ~3.5 kg, blade skewed 20° with a 12° bed angle and 25° blade bevel (effective 35° cutting angle), set screws to square the blade to the board [SB17][SB39]. Lee Valley's setup guide calls for firm workpiece pressure and a hair's-breadth blade projection [SB36]. No current price is given here (the figures found were circa-2013). - **Veritas Miniature Shooting Board + Plane** — purpose-built for small parts (boxes, model-making, picture framing), fixed 90° fence, an 8" track sized to a miniature plane [SB18]. - **Lie-Nielsen No. 51 Shoot Board Plane** — a modern remake explicitly inspired by the Stanley (blade skewed 20°, bedded 45° bevel-down, standard 2-3/8" bench-plane blade/frog, ~4 kg), compatible with the Stanley No. 52; **listed at $650 and marked not available/backorder when checked 2026-07-31** [SB19]. **No current companion board was found in Lie-Nielsen's catalog during that check; the plane page instead supplies shop-made board plans** — a catalog state, not proof that the historical pairing tradition has been broken. Lie-Nielsen also sells an instructional video ("Precision Shooting Simplified," featuring David Charlesworth) [SB19]. - **WoodRiver / Pinnacle Shooting Board (Woodcraft)** — mid-market, domestic hardwood/plywood/MDF, rabbeted fence, bench cleat, 20"×14", targets both 90° and 45°; **$127.99 as observed 2026-07-23** (not rechecked) [SB20]. - **Rob Cosman Mitered/standard Shooting Boards (18" and 24")** — MDF base with a Baltic birch top formed over a slightly curved mold to keep the plane standing plumb; fence and cleat in tropical hardwood; 180-grit emery cloth on the fence face to grip stock; built-in sacrificial rabbet [SB21]. - **Bench-hook-doubling-as-shooting-board** — a simpler improvised combination: flip the same board end-for-end and one side works as a crosscut bench hook while the other functions as a shooting board — shown directly in Schwarz's own primer ("You can even use a bench hook as a shooting board") and sold as a purpose-built combined product by small makers [SB11][BH-cross]. - **Woodsmith Micro-Adjustable Shooting Board (plan)** — has two independent micro-adjusters, one for fine-tuning the 45° setting and one for the 90°, letting a builder dial in dead-accurate angles beyond what a fixed fence permits [SB22]. - **long/oversized shop-made boards** — the community actively builds scaled-up versions for wider stock; a live Sawmill Creek thread is titled directly "I need to build a new shooting board. And I need to go 'big'" [SB23]. --- ## trades - **Cabinetmaking / fine furniture** — the home trade; the corpus's own [[Low-Angle Jack Plane]] entry names the shooting board directly as that plane's natural home, alongside the bench, distinct from a carpenter's apron-pocket block plane [LAJ-cross]. - **Picture framing / gilt-frame trade** — a genuine, dated commercial application; the Hutchens Patent Mitre Shooter "ECLIPSE" was a named trade tool specifically for gilt picture-frame mitres, prized for a shaving fine enough not to shatter the gilt edge [SB8]. - **Model-making / miniature work** — served directly by the Veritas Miniature Shooting Board and Plane system, purpose-built for final precise squaring of small parts [SB18]. - **Trim / finish carpentry** — overlaps the [[Low-Angle Jack Plane]]'s and [[Block Plane]]'s territory when door-edge or trim mitres need hand-tool-level precision, though this is a lighter-duty, occasional use compared to the cabinetmaking trade [LAJ-cross]. --- ## lineage - **earlier related devices — an attributed, provisional chronology.** In a 2014 Sawmill Creek survey of selected European woodworking texts, Kees Heiden reports finding no shooting board in Moxon (1683), Félibien (1690) or Randle Holme (1688), and miter-specific devices — the German **Stossladen** (and a related **Kropflade**) — in Johann Hübner's *Lexicon* (1714) and P.N. Sprengel's *Der Tischler* (1778) [SB5]. This reports what its author found in the texts he checked; it does not prove a complete historical absence (see *history*). - **descendants / close cousins:** - **The Stanley No. 51 shooting plane + No. 52 chute board** — the historic dedicated commercial pairing (1905/1909–1943): **a highly influential dedicated commercial pairing and an explicit design reference for modern No. 51 remakes such as Lie-Nielsen's**, which names the Stanley as its inspiration [SB6][SB19][SB30][SB31]. Shop-made boards, Continental miter appliances, bevel-up planes and later independent designs complicate any single genealogy; direct design dependence is named here only where a maker says so. - **The Rogers Patent Miter Planer (1882)** — a rival mechanized mitre-shooting device with its own patented improvement over "heretofore constructed" mitre planers (see *history*) [SB7]. - **Modern commercial systems** — Veritas/Lee Valley's shooting-board-and-plane system, the Lie-Nielsen No. 51 remake, and a 2024 US patent for an adjustable-fence shooting-board jig (US 11,986,973 B2, Robert Raczki) show the appliance is still being made and refined [SB9][SB16][SB19]. - **contemporaries:** - **The mitre jack** — a wooden vise-like clamp for large mouldings (cornices, etc.), not a shooting board. David Charlesworth, on a Sawmill Creek thread discussing the two: "For small to medium mitred work a shooting board works very well... The mitre jack is a much more complex construction" [SB5]. - **The [[Bench Hook]]** — a related appliance, built for a saw rather than a plane; its own entry documents that its fence can double as a mini shooting board once trued flush, a real dual-use, but not a substitute for a dedicated board [BH-cross]. - **The mitre box / power mitre saw** — a genuinely different tool that *cuts* a mitre; the shooting board *refines* what the saw already got close (see *lineage-misuse*) [SB12]. > **Petroski lens — a dated failure statement, kept separate from the patent.** Rogers's 1882 patent (US 264,766) claims a movable quadrant and related mechanism [SB33]. The failure statement comes from **later advertising**: circa-1900 Millers Falls/Langdon price-list copy, transcribed on DATAMP, says miter planers "as heretofore constructed, are open to serious complaint, on account of the tendency of the plane to 'jump' or leave the track, especially in planing hard moldings" [SB7]. The two are separate evidence with different provenance and dates; the advertisement is a manufacturer naming the problem its product addressed, not text from the patent. --- ## history - **the general square shooting board's date — an attributed research lead, not a demonstrated world-first.** In a 2014 Sawmill Creek survey of selected European woodworking texts, **Kees Heiden** reports that Randle Holme (1688), Félibien (1690) and Joseph Moxon's *Mechanick Exercises* (1683) describe joiners' tools in detail but show no shooting board — Moxon uses "shooting" to mean jointing an edge — and that Roubo's *L'Art du Menuisier* (1769–1774) likewise shows nothing resembling one; Hübner's *Lexicon* (1714) and Sprengel's *Der Tischler* (1778) mention a shooting device for miters only (the Stossladen). **Heiden identified Peter Nicholson's *Mechanical Exercises* (1812) "shooting block" as the earliest general square form he located.** He also reports *The Joiner and Cabinet Maker* (anonymous, 1839) showing an apprentice using one for a dovetailed box [SB5]. **Treat this as a research lead until the passages and a broader bibliography are checked:** a survey reports what its author found or did not find in selected texts; it cannot establish a global first or turn absence into an invention date. Nicholson's 1812 book is real and dated (Open Library record) [SB38], but the "shooting block" passage has not been recovered directly from the primary text — not by this entry and not by the review. - **the Stanley No. 51/52 — the historic commercial pairing, read from a named collector source.** Patrick Leach's "Patrick's Blood & Gore" survey states the No. 51 chute-board plane (15" long) was made 1909–1943, and the No. 52 chute board (22" long) 1905–1943; "the earliest models have the 1896 patent date cast into them." Stanley marketed the pair to "patternmakers, cabinetmakers, printers, picture framers, and electrotypers," adding that "amateurs will also find this tool very useful" — priced at $23.45 for the set in the early 1920s against $6.05 for a common No. 5 jack plane [SB6]. **The likely 1896 patent is US 553,322**, granted January 21, 1896, to **Justus A. Traut and Edmund A. Schade** — a miter or bevel plane with a plane race and angular work fence, and the clear patent lead cited in the references of Lie-Nielsen's modern shooting-plane design patent [SB32]. Its claims and drawings have not yet been compared with the No. 51/52 cast marking, so it is "the likely patent," not definitively "the" patent; inventor credit is Traut **and Schade**, not Traut alone. (Traut, a Stanley engineer, held many patents and is often called "The Patent King" [SB6][SB30].) - **the Rogers Patent Miter Planer — an 1882 patent and, separately, its later advertising.** US Patent 264,766, granted September 19, 1882 to David C. Rogers of Greenfield, MA, claims a movable quadrant and related mechanism [SB33]; the tool was later made by the Langdon Mitre Box Co. and Millers Falls Co. DATAMP classifies "shooting boards" and "shooting board planes" as distinct categories under woodworking plane accessories — a collector database's taxonomy, not the patent itself [SB7]. The "jump or leave the track" quotation is from **circa-1900 Millers Falls/Langdon price-list copy** reproduced on DATAMP, not from the patent specification [SB7]. *(Application date: Google Patents' OCR reads June 27, 1882 while DATAMP lists July 27; unresolved, so no application date is given here.)* - **the Hutchens Patent Mitre Shooter "ECLIPSE" (UK) — a named trade tool, patent unconfirmed.** *The Woodworker* magazine, March 1928, describes a trade mitring machine for gilt picture frames: "a large metal box-like frame which carries two cutting blades... unequalled for the production of gilt frames because it takes off the mitres a shaving so fine that there is no risking of shattering the gilt and composition edge," per a UK forum thread quoting the original article directly [SB8]. **No confirmed patent record was located for this device** — an honest gap. - **a modern patent shows the appliance is still being refined.** US Patent 11,986,973 B2, "Shooting board jig device," inventor **Robert Raczki**: priority to US provisional 63/112,311 (November 11, 2020), filed 2021, application published 2022, granted May 21, 2024. It describes an L-shaped adjustable-fence base plate rotatable through 360° and pinned at angle [SB9]. *(EP1422033A1, a panel saw with guide fence, appears on the US patent only as **examiner-cited prior art**; it is not in the US patent's family or priority chain. An earlier version of this entry called the two "related"; that is withdrawn.)* --- ## ✦ human side - **Christopher Schwarz is the strongest, best-documented named voice on this tool — read directly, not relayed.** From his Popular Woodworking primer: *"They are the only tool, machine or jig that I have that reduces the length of a board in .001″ increments. They adjust the ends of boards so they are square, even if you have only 1/32″ or less to remove."* And on the mechanism itself: *"The shooting board... holds your work in position and 90° to a track that a handplane rides in. Push the plane in the track and it will trim the end of the board until it is square."* His own technique for correcting an out-of-square miter-saw cut: relieve the corner that will register against the fence to reduce blow-out, position the low corner flush and the high corner projecting over the track, push the work hard against the fence, and plane — *"Focus on pushing the plane down and forward. Use just enough force against your workpiece to keep the tool in the cut"* [SB11]. - **a real, named professional disagreement on the right plane for the job — one side directly quoted, one side attributed at lower confidence.** Matthew Kenney, in Fine Woodworking (2010), argues directly and specifically for a **bevel-up, low-angle** plane: *"When it comes to end grain (and 99% of shooting is on end grain), you want to slice through the fibers at a low angle of attack. The higher the angle, the more likely the blade is to break the fibers rather than cut them cleanly... you've got to turn it bevel up... you should look for a low-angle, bevel-up plane."* He also argues for a heavier, jack-class plane for momentum through end grain, and for a plane comfortable to grip on its side — describing his own hand bruising from using a standard No. 4 smoother sideways before switching to a low-angle jack with tall side walls [SB10]. Against this, forum sources attribute to **David Charlesworth** a preference for a bevel-down, higher-cutting-angle bench plane (a No. 5-1/2 or No. 6) for the same job — a genuine, named divergence between two well-documented teaching voices. **Charlesworth's side of this disagreement is not independently verified against his own written text this run** — it is attributed via a Sawmill Creek thread and corroborated by LumberJocks forum consensus ("David Charlesworth recommends a Stanley or Record 5 1/2 for a shooting board, and low angle jacks work good and there are also miter planes designed specifically for the purpose"), not a directly re-fetched Charlesworth quote — held at lower confidence, flagged so a future run does not treat it as settled [SB5][SB26]. - **a genuine, kept-not-resolved forum debate over whether the tool is even necessary.** On the same 2014 Sawmill Creek thread: Kees Heiden (the thread's own author, a self-described former skeptic) states plainly, *"For mortice and tenon joints I just don't see a use for a shooting board... this brief literature study shows that you can do an awful lot of woodworking without ever touching your shooting board."* Derek Cohen pushes back directly, calling the argument a straw man: *"what you are pointing out is that excellent furniture was made in the days before the shooting board became popular. That is no more an argument that therefore a shooting board is not necessary than saying that good furniture was made before power tools, therefore power tools are not necessary."* David Weaver, in the same thread, recounts being talked out of shooting-board overuse years earlier by more experienced woodworkers who asked him directly, "what exactly are you shooting?" — and offers planing end grain freehand to a knife line, in the vise, as a faster substitute for small stock [SB5]. A real, unresolved disagreement, kept rather than flattened — the same discipline this corpus has applied to prior contested-practitioner-opinion entries (the Sawmill Creek turning-gouge grind debate in [[Gouge]], the flattening-claim dispute in [[Scrub Plane]]). - **Don McConnell's own framing of the tool against its power-tool rivals — the entry's clearest lineage-misuse anchor.** Writing in Popular Woodworking (2023), on building and using a miter shooting board: *"If you're working with a hand miter saw and miter box, it's difficult to get an accurate cut that's thinner than the width of the saw's kerf. This is when you should turn to a shop appliance known as a miter shooting board"* [SB12] — a direct, named statement that the shooting board's job is to *refine* a cut a saw already got close, not to replace the saw's own cutting function. - **a genuinely fuzzy, overloaded term in casual use — real human-side texture, not a tidy definition.** Rockler's own reader Q&A (2021), a decade-experienced, mostly self-taught woodworker asking "What is a shooting board and what is it used for?", drew three separate and genuinely different answers from three named Rockler staff — see *identity* above for the full account [SB24]. - **named forum posters, real technique and material debates.** LumberJocks posters advise against a cambered iron for shooting ("the most important tip from professional woodworkers is to NOT put any camber on the irons used for shooting") — a forum view; see *correct use* for the conditional rule — plus waxing the plane's side and the board's track to cut friction, and a dual-purpose argument that "a #5-1/2 or #6 can do both jointing and shooting really well" [SB26][SB27]. A separate LumberJocks showcase post documents a hobbyist building a dedicated shooting plane in maple and walnut after discomfort using a jack or jointer plane on the board [SB28]. - **an honest gap:** I could not locate specific, citable Reddit (r/handtools, r/woodworking) threads this run — flagged plainly rather than worked around (see *open gaps*). --- ## ✦ proof of existence - **institutional taxonomic recognition:** DATAMP formally classifies "shooting boards" and "shooting board planes" as distinct patent categories under woodworking tools/planes/plane accessories, visible in the classification breadcrumb on the Rogers patent record — a form of archival recognition independent of any single patent [SB7]. - **US Patent 264,766** (Rogers Patent Miter Planer), granted September 19, 1882 to David C. Rogers, Greenfield, MA — fetched directly on DATAMP, cross-referenced to Google Patents [SB7]. - **Stanley No. 51/52** — "1896" patent date cast into the earliest castings; No. 52 board produced 1905–1943, No. 51 plane 1909–1943 [SB6]. **Likely patent: US 553,322** (Traut and Schade, January 21, 1896, miter or bevel plane with plane race and angular work fence) [SB32]; comparison with the cast marking still to be done. - **US Patent 11,986,973 B2** ("Shooting board jig device"), Robert Raczki, granted May 21, 2024 (2020 provisional priority; 2021 filing; 2022 publication) — the appliance is still being patented in the 21st century [SB9]. EP1422033A1 appears only as examiner-cited prior art (a panel saw guide fence). - **Hutchens Patent Mitre Shooter "ECLIPSE"** — documented in *The Woodworker* magazine, March 1928, as a named UK trade tool for gilt picture frames; **no confirmed patent record located** for this specific device — an honest gap [SB8]. - **honest gap — no museum/collection record found.** A search referencing the Mercer Museum, the Smithsonian, Winterthur, and the V&A did not surface a shooting-board-specific accession record; the Mercer Museum search returned only general collection information, and the Smithsonian's own collections-search tool was not reachable this session. Given how simple and often shop-made this appliance is, the absence is unsurprising and is stated honestly rather than implied to exist. --- ## references | Tag | Source | Kind | |---|---|---| | SB1 | Wikipedia, "Shooting board," https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shooting_board (citing Mike Dunbar, "Shooting Miters: Two Hand-Plane Jigs For Gap-Free Corners," *American Woodworker*, Sept. 1990; Garrett Hack, *Classic Hand Tools*, Taunton Press, 1999, p.118) | encyclopedia | | SB2 | Lost Art Press, "Points to Know About: Shooting Boards," 2021-02-16, https://blog.lostartpress.com/2021/02/16/points-to-know-about-shooting-boards/ (excerpting Charles H. Hayward, *The Woodworker: The Charles H. Hayward Years*, Vol. 4) | book excerpt / blog | | SB3 | Lost Art Press, "Useful Form of Shooting Board," 2023-08-29, https://blog.lostartpress.com/2023/08/29/useful-form-of-shooting-board/ (Hayward excerpt) | book excerpt / blog | | SB4 | Ernie Conover, "Shooting Boards 101," Fine Woodworking, 2006-01-15, https://www.finewoodworking.com/2006/01/15/shooting-boards-101 | named-maker / trade publication | | SB5 | Sawmill Creek forum, "History of shooting boards," 2014-10-12, https://sawmillcreek.org/threads/history-of-shooting-boards.222644/ (Kees Heiden, David Charlesworth, Derek Cohen, David Weaver) | forum | | SB6 | Patrick Leach, "The Superior Works: Patrick's Blood & Gore," Planes #46–54, https://supertool.com/StanleyBG/stan7.htm | named collector / reference | | SB7 | DATAMP, US Patent 264,766, David C. Rogers, "Mitre Planer," 1882-09-19, https://www.datamp.org/patents/displayPatent.php?pn=264766&id=12695 | patent (directly fetched) | | SB8 | UKworkshop.co.uk forum, "Hutchens Patent Mitre Shoot Board Plane," 2011 (quoting *The Woodworker* magazine, March 1928), https://www.ukworkshop.co.uk/threads/hutchens-patent-mitre-shoot-board-plane.48586/ | forum / magazine quote | | SB9 | Google Patents, US 11,986,973 B2, "Shooting board jig device," granted 2024-05-21, https://patents.google.com/patent/US11986973 | patent | | SB10 | Matthew Kenney, "The best plane for a shooting board," Fine Woodworking, 2010-12-14, https://www.finewoodworking.com/2010/12/14/the-best-plane-for-a-shootingboard-one-thats-sharp-heavy-bevel-up-and-comfortable-to-use | named-maker / trade publication (fetched in full) | | SB11 | Christopher Schwarz, "Shooting Board: A Review and Primer" / "What's A Shooting Board, and Why Do You Need One?", Popular Woodworking, https://www.popularwoodworking.com/techniques/shooting-board-a-review-and-primer/ | named-maker / trade publication (fetched in full) | | SB12 | Don McConnell, "The Genius of Miter Shooting Boards," Popular Woodworking, 2023-09-21, https://www.popularwoodworking.com/techniques/the-genius-of-miter-shooting-boards/ | named-maker / trade publication | | SB13 | WebSearch synthesis of Fine Woodworking forum discussion, "Shooting Board Tips" and related threads, https://www.finewoodworking.com/forum/shooting-board-tips | forum, aggregate/secondhand | | SB14 | Woodwork Forums archive, "MDF shooting boards ruins your planes," https://www.woodworkforums.com/archive/index.php/t-180149.html (title-level citation only, full content not retrievable this session) | forum, title-level | | SB15 | Sawmill Creek forum, "End Grain Tearout Woes on the Shooting Board," https://sawmillcreek.org/threads/end-grain-tearout-woes-on-the-shooting-board.195787/ ; "Planing End Grain - What am I doing wrong?," https://sawmillcreek.org/threads/planing-end-grain-what-am-i-doing-wrong.149164/ | forum | | SB16 | Lee Valley, "Veritas Shooting Board," https://www.leevalley.com/en-us/shop/tools/jigs-guides-and-fixtures/110737-veritas-shooting-board | product (directly fetched, live) | | SB17 | Axminster Tools, "Veritas Shooting Board Plane," https://www.axminstertools.com/veritas-shooting-board-plane-ax932130 ; Classic Hand Tools, "Veritas Shooting Plane PM-V11 Blade," https://www.classichandtools.com/veritas-shooting-plane-pm-v11-blade/p1456 | product, pricing historical/unconfirmed for 2026 | | SB18 | Lee Valley, "Veritas Miniature Shooting Board," https://www.leevalley.com/en-us/shop/tools/jigs-guides-and-fixtures/114953-veritas-miniature-shooting-board | product | | SB19 | Lie-Nielsen, "No. 51 Shoot Board Plane," https://www.lie-nielsen.com/products/no-51-shoot-board-plane- ; inthewoodshop.com, "The #51 Shooting Plane: Stanley and Lie-Nielsen," https://www.inthewoodshop.com/ToolReviews/LN51ShootingPlane.html | product / named review | | SB20 | Woodcraft, "Pinnacle/WoodRiver Shooting Board for Hand Planes," https://www.woodcraft.com/products/pinnacle-shooting-board-for-hand-planes | product | | SB21 | RobCosman.com, "Rob Cosman's Mitered Shooting Board — 18 Inches," https://robcosman.com/products/rob-cosmans-mitered-shooting-board-18-inches | product / named-maker | | SB22 | Woodsmith Plans, "Micro-Adjustable Shooting Board," https://www.woodsmithplans.com/plan/micro-adjustable-shooting-board/ | product plan | | SB23 | Sawmill Creek forum, "I need to build a new shooting board. And I need to go 'big.'", https://sawmillcreek.org/threads/i-need-to-build-a-new-shooting-board-and-i-need-to-go-big.306313/ | forum, title-level | | SB24 | Rockler Learning Center, "What is a Shooting Board?", 2021-07-02, https://www.rockler.com/learn/what-is-shooting-board (Rob Johnstone, Tim Inman, Chris Marshall) | retailer educational content (directly fetched) | | SB25 | Lost Art Press / Crucible Tool catalogue, https://lostartpress.com/collections/tools — no shooting board product found | market search, negative result | | SB26 | LumberJocks forum, "Whats the best plane for a Shooting Board?", https://www.lumberjocks.com/threads/whats-the-best-plane-for-a-shooting-board.11603/ | forum | | SB27 | LumberJocks forum, "Hand Plane Options for Shooting Board and Jointing," https://www.lumberjocks.com/threads/hand-plane-options-for-shooting-board-and-jointing.294433/ | forum | | SB28 | LumberJocks showcase, "Shooting board plane," https://www.lumberjocks.com/showcase/shooting-board-plane.132783/ | forum / maker showcase | | SB29 | Carl Stammerjohn Furnituremaker, "Donkey's Ear," https://carlstammerjohn.com/2021/09/24/donkeys-ear/ ; Woodworks by John, "Donkey Ear Shooting Board and Box Dividers," https://woodworksbyjohn.com/2021/06/24/donkey-ear-shooting-board-and-box-dividers/ | named-maker / blog | | SB30 | Handplane Central, "Stanley No. 51 Chute Board Plane," https://www.handplane.com/141/stanley-no-51-chute-board-plane/ | named collector / reference | | SB31 | BJS Planes and Woodworking blog, "Stanley 51 & 52 Plane and Shoot Board," https://www.bjsplanesandwoodworking.com/2016/06/stanley-51-52-plane-and-shoot-board.html | named-maker / blog | | SB32 | Google Patents, US 553,322 A, Justus A. Traut and Edmund A. Schade, miter or bevel plane, granted 1896-01-21, https://patents.google.com/patent/US553322A/en | patent, primary (applied at the level of the reviewer's 2026-07-31 summary) | | SB33 | Google Patents, US 264,766 A, David C. Rogers, 1882, https://patents.google.com/patent/US264766A/en | patent, primary (claims the movable quadrant; does not contain the "jump" advertising) | | SB34 | Fine Woodworking, "Safety Manual: Handplanes," https://www.finewoodworking.com/project-guides/hand-tools/safety-manual-handplanes | trade publication safety guidance | | SB35 | Fine Woodworking, "Here's why your plane doesn't keep cutting into your shooting board," 2010-09-17, https://www.finewoodworking.com/2010/09/17/heres-why-your-plane-doesnt-keep-cutting-into-your-shooting-board | trade publication | | SB36 | Lee Valley, "Setting the Blade for Your Veritas Shooting Plane," https://www.leevalley.com/en-us/discover/post-purchase/shooting-planes/setting-the-blade-for-your-veritas-shooting-plane | manufacturer instructions | | SB37 | Lost Art Press, "Panel Prep with Handplanes," 2021-05-11, https://blog.lostartpress.com/2021/05/11/panel-prep-with-handplanes/ | publisher blog | | SB38 | Open Library, Peter Nicholson, *Mechanical Exercises* (1812), https://openlibrary.org/books/OL58941474M | bibliographic record (existence and date only) | | SB39 | Lee Valley, "Veritas Right-Hand Shooting Plane," https://www.leevalley.com/en-us/shop/tools/hand-tools/planes/70926-veritas-right-hand-shooting-plane | manufacturer product page | | FS-cross | [[Frame Saw]] (this corpus), own citation of "shooting board" as the mitre-box/back-saw-adjacent positioning method | corpus cross-reference | | LAJ-cross | [[Low-Angle Jack Plane]] (this corpus), own citation of the shooting board as the plane's home alongside the bench | corpus cross-reference | | BH-cross | [[Bench Hook]] (this corpus, Staging), own citation of the shooting board as a distinct plane-registration appliance and its own bench-hook-doubling note | corpus cross-reference | --- ## The reviewer's corrections (12) - `BLOCKER` — 1. — Exact claim: “Honestly and fully empty” under `dangerous`, because no shooting-board-specific injury account was located. - `SHOULD-FIX` — 2. — Exact claim: “the general square shooting board ‘as we know it today’ is first documented in Peter Nicholson's Mechanical Exercises (1812)” and “the general square shooting board is a 19th-century development.” - `SHOULD-FIX` — 3. — Exact claim: US11,986,973 B2 is “related to European patent EP1422033A1.” - `SHOULD-FIX` — 4. — Exact claim: The Stanley No. 51/52 “1896” patent number is an unresolved gap. - `SHOULD-FIX` — 5. — Exact claim: “The 1882 Rogers Patent Miter Planer's own period marketing states...” and elsewhere wording that can read as though the quotation is part of the patent. - `SHOULD-FIX` — 6. — Exact claim: Stanley No. 51/52 is “the direct ancestor of every modern commercial shooting-plane system.” - `SHOULD-FIX` — 7. — Exact claim: “trims a board to an exact final length in controllable, sub-thousandth-inch increments” and “finer than any saw can deliver.” - `SHOULD-FIX` — 8. — Exact claim: A dead-straight, zero-camber iron is mandatory and “a cambered iron produces an uneven, non-square cut.” - `SHOULD-FIX` — 9. — Exact claim: `anatomy` calls the work-supporting platform “the base/board” and then describes “the fence” as a parallel surface set lower to accommodate blade offset. - `SHOULD-FIX` — 10. — Exact claim: The board “removes tearout” and “squares tenon shoulders,” and broadly substitutes for a belt/disc sander, table-saw sled, or miter guillotine. - `SHOULD-FIX` — 11. — Exact claim: “no calibration drift,” “almost anyone can build a shooting board from scrap plywood in an afternoon and get furniture-grade results immediately,” and “a commercial and practical lineage that never actually broke.” - `MINOR` — 12. — Exact claim: The entry presents $289, $127.99, and other prices without access dates and calls Lie-Nielsen's missing companion board a “real market gap.”